VERIFIED By Dr Vijay Mathur, Senior Consultant, Sharp Sight Eye Hospitals

As temperatures rise, integrating protective strategies into daily routines will play a vital role in safeguarding ocular health in a warming world.

As global temperatures rise, so does concern over a range of heat-induced ocular syndromes impacting eye health. Extended periods of high temperatures exacerbate conditions such as dry eye syndrome and UV keratitis and even accelerate the progression of cataracts, according to observations from healthcare professionals globally.

Dry Eye Syndrome

Characterised by insufficient lubrication on the eye surface, it becomes more prevalent as temperatures increase. Tear evaporation accelerates in hot and dry conditions, leaving the eyes under-lubricated and more susceptible to irritation. The increased use of air conditioning, which helps control indoor temperatures, can further dehydrate the air and exacerbate these symptoms.

UV Keratitis

Photokeratitis occurs when the cornea is exposed to excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This condition, akin to a sunburn of the eyes, is worsened by the reflection of UV rays on surfaces like water, sand, or concrete. UV radiation becomes more intense as temperatures climb, posing a greater risk of exposure and damage.

Conjunctivitis

The pink eye shows a similar incidence rise with higher temperatures in the outermost eye layer and the inner surface of the eyelids. Warm climates increase the reproduction rates of bacteria and viruses responsible for conjunctivitis, compounding the problem in areas with high humidity and heat.

High Ambient Temperatures

It can also influence the progression of cataracts and cloud vision. Heat accelerates the oxidation processes that lead to protein degradation in the lens, potentially hastening cataract development. Observations suggest that in regions experiencing significant heatwaves, there may be an uptick in the need for cataract surgery due to these accelerated oxidation processes.

To Combat These Heat-Induced Ocular Conditions

Healthcare professionals recommend several preventative measures.

• Sunglasses with high UV protection are crucial for shielding eyes from harmful rays. Preservative-free lubricating eye drops can alleviate dry eye symptoms by providing necessary moisture. Staying hydrated is another key recommendation, as adequate fluid intake helps maintain optimal tear production. Furthermore, keeping clean and well-humidified indoor environments can mitigate the drying effects of air conditioning on the eyes.
• As the correlation between rising temperatures and ocular health issues becomes more apparent, the importance of public awareness and education grows. Understanding the risks associated with heat and implementing straightforward protective measures can significantly decrease the incidence of these conditions. This proactive approach is essential for those living in typically hot climates and populations in areas experiencing unusual heat waves due to climate change.

Addressing the impacts of global warming on eye health is increasingly critical. As temperatures rise, integrating protective strategies into daily routines will play a vital role in safeguarding ocular health in a warming world.

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