October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, a period dedicated to increasing awareness of the disease and emphasizing the crucial role of mammograms as the primary tool for screening. Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer among women. Approximately one in eight women in the United States will be diagnosed with the disease during their lifetime, and more than 40,000 women die from breast cancer annually. 

Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Symptoms of breast cancer vary among individuals, and some people do not experience any signs at all. It is essential for a person to be aware of how their breasts normally look and feel to quickly recognize any changes that may occur. While self-awareness is important, regular mammograms and clinical breast exams remain crucial, as these tests can detect breast cancer before symptoms become apparent.

Signs of breast cancer can include:

• A lump in the breast or underarm (armpit).

• Swelling or thickening of all or part of the breast.

• Dimpling or skin irritation of the breast skin.

• Redness, scaliness or thickening of the nipple or breast skin.

• Nipple discharge other than breast milk.

• Any change in the size or shape of the breast.

• Pain in any area of the breast. 

Screening and Early Detection

A mammogram is a low-dose X-ray picture of the breast. Early detection of breast cancer can significantly improve a woman’s chance of survival. Mammograms are considered the most effective tool to find breast cancer early, when it is easiest to treat and before it is large enough to feel or cause symptoms. Women should consult their healthcare provider to discuss if and when a mammogram is appropriate for them.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers a program for free or low-cost mammograms for those who qualify. 

How to Lower Risk

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent breast cancer, several lifestyle adjustments can help lower the risk of the disease, which is influenced by factors like family history and age:

• Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly.

• Choose not to drink alcohol, or consume alcohol in moderation.

• If taking hormone replacement therapy or birth control pills, discuss the risks with a doctor.

• Breastfeed children, if possible.

Individuals with a family history of breast cancer should talk to their doctor about additional ways to reduce their risk. 

Awareness Efforts

A pink ribbon symbolizes breast cancer awareness. The FDA Office of Women’s Health launched the Pink Ribbon Sunday Mammography Awareness Program in 1998 to educate women about the importance of early detection through mammography. This initiative, which began by targeting African American and Hispanic churches, has since expanded its outreach to connect with as many women as possible. Pink Ribbon events encourage women to take charge of their breast health by getting regular mammography screenings. The updated resource, Pink Ribbon Guide: Mammography Matters, provides information on this topic. 

Take Action

There are numerous ways to support the fight against breast cancer year-round. Many women delay getting recommended screenings due to fear, time constraints, lack of knowledge, or concerns about cost. The Pink Ribbon Guide offers suggestions for ways individuals can help make a difference, including sharing reliable health information, providing emotional support, and connecting women to local resources.

The guide also contains:

• Basic facts about mammography.

• Information on how to host an in-person or virtual event.

• A customizable flyer and postcard to promote an event.

• Resources on mammography and breast cancer.