From climate extremes and pollution to biodiversity loss and urbanisation, environmental change is increasingly intertwined with the determinants of mental health. Understanding how environmental conditions shape brain and mental health across the lifespan, particularly among populations facing heightened vulnerability, is an urgent global priority.

The Earth-Brain-Health Commission brings together insights from neuroscience, psychology, public health and environmental science to clarify emerging risks, underlying mechanisms and opportunities for intervention. Its recommendations provide a framework for aligning mental health and wellbeing, health equity and ecological sustainability through coordinated research, policy and prevention efforts.